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| Berlin is simultaneously
the capital of Germany and a federated state (region of Germany).
The city is confused geographically with the state, that is surrounded
totally by the one by Brandeburgo, of which separated
in 1920. Crossed by the Spree river and located to little 70 km of the border between Germany and Poland, Berlin is the city more populated and extensive of the country, center of a metropolitan area of 3,950,887 inhabitants (2005), as well as one of most outstanding in the political scope of European Unio'n (UE), of which, after the city of London, it is the second bigger capital. History Two towns founded around years 1200, Berlin and Cölln, meet in 1307 in a city that remains with the name of Berlin, that had 7,000 inhabitants. The city enters history in 1415, when State Capital of Brandeburgo is chosen, then one of the multiple principalidades of the mosaic that was the Sacred Germanic Roman Empire. In 1759, Eastern Prusia was in being able of the Russians who had taken Berlin within the framework from the Seven Years' War. Being Brandenburgo it leaves from the kingdom of Prusia, Berlin became capital of the German Empire (in 1871) when Prusia obtains the unification of Germany after defeating first a Austria in the war of the Seven Weeks (1966) and soon to end the empire of Napoleón III when defeating his exercises in the war franc-prusiana. Since then it experienced a considerable demographic increase, happening of 824,484 inhabitants in 1871 in 1,888,313 in 1900 and 4,024,165 in 1925. The city became referring cultural, architectonic and a financial center not only of Germany, but of all Europe. Capital during Nazi Germany the city reached in 1939 its demographic maximum with 4,338,756 inhabitants and works were planned that would never be carried out. Berlin totally would be destroyed by the bombings that preceded the conquest of the city by on the part of the Red army at the end of World War II, in 1945. After the defeat of the Nazi regime Berlin it was divided in four sectors under administration of the allies: The United States (the U.S.A.), Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Great Britain and France. In 1948, the three western sectors (West Berlin) reunify (creation of the Federal Republic of Germany, RFA) and the USSR talks back with the blockade of that sector of the city and the creation of the German Democratic Republic (RDA) in 1949, with capital in East Berlin. This blockade fails thanks to the airlift maintained by the western forces from the RFA. In 1961, the RDA constructs a wall to separate the two parts of Berlin, and in fact to isolate West Berlin of all the RDA, with the purpose of ending the emigration of German of the east towards the west. Many Berliners of the west also went of the city, is by feeling of insecurity or economic reasons: the isolated city in enemy territory, although massively subsidized could not offer the same opportunities that the rest of the country. What partly explains the frank diminution of the population: before the war, the city had four million and means of inhabitants. The wall of Berlin falls the November 9th of 1989 when accepting the government of the RDA the free circulation of the citizens between the two parts of the city. A year later almost disappears the RDA, annexed in fact in the RFA, that transfers their capital of Bonn Berlin in 1990, giving with it entrance in UE to the population of the missing republic. As it is possible to be appreciated, the history of Germany is confused with the one of Berlin. Places of interest The Door of Bandemburgo:  The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor) is to triumphal arch, the symbol of Berlin, Germany. It is located on the Pariser Platz, it is the only remaining one of the series of gates through which one entered Berlin. One block to its north lies the Reichstag. Monumental It constitutes the termination of Unter den Linden, the renowned boulevard of is contiguous trees royal which LED directly to the residence. It was commissioned by Friedrich Wilhelm II ace to sign of peace and built by Karl Gotthard Langhans from 1788 to 1791. The Brandenburg Gate consists of twelve Greek Doric columns, six on each side. For This allows five roadways, although originally ordinary citizens were only allowed to uses the to outer two. Above the gate is the Quadriga, consisting of the goddess of peace, driving to four-horse chariot in triumph. The gate stands 26 ms (65 ft) high, 65,5 ms (213 ft) wide and 11 ms (36 ft) thick. The design of the gate was based on the Propylea, the gateway to the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Berlin had to long history of classicism: first classicist Baroque and then to neon-Palladian, but this was the first Greek revival neon-classical structure in Berlin, which would become the Spreeathen ("Athens on the River Spree") by the 1830s, shaped by the severe neoclassicism of architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel. While the main design of the Brandenburg Gate there are remained the same since it was completed, the gate there are played varying rolls in Germany's history. First, Napoleon took the Quadriga to Paris in 1806 to after conquering Berlin. When it returned to Berlin in 1814, the statue exchanged to her trims off lower branches of wreath for the Iron Cross and became the goddess of victory. When the Nazi rose to to power, they used the gate to symbolize to their to power. The only structure left standing in the ruins of Pariser Platz in 1945, apart from the ruined Academy of Fine Arts, the gate was restored by the East Berlin and West Berlin governments. However, in 1961, the gate was closed when the Berlin Wall was built. In 1963 U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate. The Soviets hung large banners across it under there am could not see the East Berlin side. "The German question will remain open ace long ace the Brandenburg Greater Gate is closed" was how the of West Berlin, Richard von Weizsäcker, described the situation in the early 1980s. On June 12, 1987 U.S. President Ronald Reagan delivered to speech to the people of West Berlin at the Brandenburg Gate, yet it was also audible on the East Berlin side of the Wall. Finally, fell in 1989, the when the Berlin Wall gate symbolized freedom and the unity of the City. It re-opened on December 22 that to year when the West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl walked through to be greeted by the East German Prime Minister, Hans Modrow. On July 12, 1994 U.S. President Bill Clinton addressed to speech to the people of Berlin at the Brandenburg Gate talking mainly about peace in post-Cold War Europe. On December 21, 2000 works began to eleven again refurbish the Brandenburg Gate. This Time using lasers to clean grit, and replacing dwells than 1.000 pieces of stone. Estimated cost: 3.000.000 USD in private funding. Local There is some controversy in Berlin to over the fact the there is to Starbucks within to few yards of the gate. It is seen ace to corporational intrusion upon to national treasure. Museum Island:  Museum Island (in German, Museumsinsel) in Berlin, Germany, is the name of the northern half of an island in the Spree river, in the center of the city. The museums on the island are some of the most important in the world. The island received its name for several internationally renowned museums that are now occupying all of the island's northern half (originally a residential area dedicated to "art and science" by King Frederick William IV of Prussia in 1841). Constructed under several Prussian kings, their collections of art and archeology were turned into a public foundation after 1918, the Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, which maintains the collections and museums today. The Prussian collections became separated during the Cold War with the entire city, but were finally reunited after German reunification. Presently, the Museumsinsel and the collections are in the process of being reorganized. Since several buildings were destroyed in World War II and some of the exhibition space is in the process of being reconstructed, the information below is in a state of flux. The Old Museum (Altes Museum) is the oldest of the museums, finished in 1830 according to the plans by Prussian architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel. It was erected opposite of the (no longer existing) Berlin Castle. The oldest museum building in Berlin, it was here where Frederick William III first made the Antikensammlung, the Prussian collection of antiques, available to the public. This collection is now in part exhibited in the Old Museum again.The New Museum (Neues Museum), located behind the Old Museum, was completed in 1859 according to plans by August Stüler, a student of Schinkel. It was nearly destroyed in World War II (only some of the outer walls remained) and is presently being reerected. According to plan, after the completion in 2009, it shall - as before the war - expose the collections of Egyptian and pre-history. The Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgalerie) was completed in 1876, also according to designs by August Stüler, to host a collection of 19th century art donated by banker Joachim H. W. Wagener. The collection was greatly expanded and is today one of the largest collections 19th century sculptures and paintings in Germany. The building was badly damaged in World War II and only completely restored and reopened in 2001; today, it hosts the paintings of the collections (while the sculptures are located off the island in the Friedrichswerdersche Kirche, a former church). In 1904 the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum, today called Bode Museum, was opened. At the northern tip of the island, it too is presently closed for reconstruction. It is planned to be reopened in 2006 to host the collections of sculptures and late antique and Byzantine art. The last of the museums is the Pergamon Museum, completed in 1930, which hosts original-size, reconstructed monumental buildings such as the Pergamon Altar and the market gate of Miletus, consisting of parts taken from the original excavation sites. The collections that were united on Museum Island for the first time allowed a unified look at European art from the Antiques up to the 19th century, presented in buildings that display the history of museums in themselves over a course of a hundred years, which is why the entire ensemble was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in 1999. |
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| At TRAVEL WORLD EUROPE, you can find qualified information about the cities of Europe, such as population, language, history, places of interest and many more. In addition, we provide information about air and train tickets, accomodations, car rental and phone rental. If you plan a trip to any place, or just want to get more information about Europe, TRAVEL WORLD EUROPE is your first destiny! |
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