PLACES OF INTEREST IN EUROPE |
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| In this section, you can find some of the most important places in Europe: monuments, museums or historical constructions.
Check the information below, and know more about the Acropolis hill. |
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ACROPOLIS |
Athens,
Greece |
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The Acropolis hill,
so called the "Sacred Rock" of Athens, is the most important
site of the city. During Perikles' Golden Age, ancient Greek civilization
was represented in an ideal way on the hill and some of the architectural
masterpieces of the period were erected on its ground.
The first habitation remains on the Acropolis date from the Neolithic
period.
Over the centuries, the rocky hill was continuously used either
as a cult place or as a residential area or both. The inscriptions
on the numerous and precious offerings to the sanctuary of Athena
(marble korai, bronze and clay statuettes and vases) indicate that
the cult of the city's patron goddess was established as early as
the Archaic period (650-480 BC).
During the Classical period (450-330
BC) three important temples were erected on the ruins of earlier
ones: the Parthenon, the Erechtheion, and the Temple of Nike, dedicated
to Athena Parthenos, Athena Polias, and Athena-Apteros Nike, respectively.
The Propylaea, the monumental entrance to the sacred area was also
constructed in the same period.
The monuments on the Acropolis reflect
the successive phases of the city's history. Some of them were converted
into Christian churches, houses of the Franks and later on, of the
Turks. After the liberation of Athens from the Turks, the protection,
restoration and conservation of the monuments was one of the first
tasks of the newly-founded Greek state. This major effort is continued
until today, with the large-scale restoration and supporting of
the monuments, which started in the 1970's and is still in progress.
The first excavations on the hill were conducted between 1835 and
1837. More systematic work was carried out in 1885-1890 by Panagiotis
Kavvadias. The Parthenon. It is the
most important and characteristic monument of the ancient Greek
civilization and still remains its international symbol. It was
dedicated to Athena Parthenos, the patron goddess of Athens. It
was built between 447 and 438 BC and its sculptural decoration
was completed in 432 BC. The construction of the monument was initiated
by Perikles, the supervisor of the whole work was Pheidias, the
famous Athenian sculptor, while Iktinos and Kallikrates were the
architects of the building. The temple is built in the Doric order
and almost exclusively of Pentelic marble. It is peripteral, with
eight columns on each of the narrow sides and seventeen columns
on each of the long ones. The central part of the temple, called
the cella, sheltered the famous chryselephantine cult statue of
Athena, made by Pheidias.
The sculptural decoration of the Parthenon is a unique combination
of the Doric metopes and triglyphs on the entablature, and the Ionic
frieze on the walls of the cella. The metopes depict the Gigantomachy
on the east side, the Amazonomachy on the west, the Centauromachy
on the south, and scenes from the Trojan War on the north.
The relief frieze depicts the Procession of the Panathenaea, the
most formal religious festival of ancient Athens. The scene runs
along all the four sides of the building and includes the figures
of gods, beasts and of some 360 humans.
The two pediments of the temple are decorated with mythological
scenes: the east, above the building's main entrance, shows the
birth of Athena, and the west, the fight between Athena and Poseidon
for the name of the city of Athens.
The Parthenon retained its religious character in the following
centuries and was converted into a Byzantine church, a Latin church
and a Muslim mosque.
The Turks used the Parthenon as a powder magazine when the Venetians,
under Admiral Morosini, sieged the Acropolis in 1687. One of the
Venetian bombs fell on the Parthenon and caused a tremendous explosion
that destroyed a great part of the monument which had been preserved
in a good condition until then.
The disaster was completed in the beginning of the 19th century,
when the British ambassador in Constantinople, Lord Elgin, stole
the greatest part of the sculptural decoration of the monument (frieze,
metopes, pediments), transferred them to England and sold them to
the British Museum, where they are still exhibited, being one of
the most significant collections of the museum. The Erechtheion was built
in ca. 420 BC in the Ionic order. It has a prostasis on the east
side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of
the Caryatids on the south. The main temple was divided into two
sections, dedicated to the worship of the two principal gods of
Attica, Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus. A relief frieze, bearing
a representation possibly of the birth of Erechtheus, decorated
the exterior of the building. The Temple of Athena Nike
was constructed in ca. 420 BC by the architect Kallikrates. It
is built in the Ionic order, and it is amphiprostyle with a row
of four columns in front of each of its narrow sides.
The relief
frieze on the upper section of the walls depicts the conference
of gods on the east side, and scenes from battles on the other three.
A marble parapet decorated with the relief representation of Nikae
(Victories), protected the edge of the Bastion on which the temple
was erected. The Propylaea. The monumental
gateway of the Acropolis was designed by the architect Mnesikles
and constructed in 437-432 BC. It comprises a central building
and two lateral wings. The colonnades along the west and east sides
had a row of Doric columns while two rows of Ionic columns divided
the central corridor into three parts.
The walls of the north wing
were decorated with painted panels or wall paintings and that is
why it was called the "Pinakotheke". The ceiling of the
Propylaea had coffers with painted decoration and a perforated sima
around the roof. |
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At TRAVEL WORLD EUROPE, you can find qualified information about the cities of Europe, such as population, language, history, places of interest and many more. In addition, we provide information about air and train tickets, accomodations, car rental and phone rental.
If you plan a trip to any place, or just want to get more information about Europe, TRAVEL WORLD EUROPE is your first destiny! |
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Bellow, you can find a listing with all the countries of Europe, their capitals and most relevant cities.
The cities in yellow are available to access. Into anyone, you can find a great amount of information referred to each destiny, such as population, language, history, places of interest and many more. |
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Albania |
| Tirana |
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Austria |
| Vienna |
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Andorra |
| Andorra
la Vella |
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Azerbaijan |
| Baku |
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Armenia |
| Yerevan |
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Belarus |
| Minsk |
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Belgium |
| Brussels |
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Croatia |
| Zagreb |
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Bosnia
and Herzegovina |
| Sarajevo |
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Cyprus |
| Nicosia |
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Bulgaria |
| Sofia |
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Czech
Republic |
| Prague |
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Denmark |
| Copenhagen |
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Finland |
| Helsinki |
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Estonia |
| Tallinn |
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Georgia |
| Tbilisi |
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Greece |
| Athens |
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Republic of Ireland |
| Dublin |
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Latvia |
| Riga |
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Luxembourg |
| Luxembourg |
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Liechtenstein |
| Vaduz |
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Republic of Macedonia |
| Skopje |
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Lithuania |
| Vilnius |
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Malta |
| Valletta |
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Monaco |
| Monaco |
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Northern
Ireland |
| Belfast |
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Montenegro |
| Podgorica |
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Norway |
| Oslo |
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Poland |
| Warsaw |
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San
Marino |
| San
Marino |
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Portugal |
| Lisbon |
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Scotland |
| Edinburgh |
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Romania |
| Bucharest |
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Serbia |
| Belgrade |
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Slovenia |
| Ljubljana |
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Switzerland |
| Bern |
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Ukraine |
| Kiev |
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Vatican
City |
| Vatican
City |
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Wales |
| Cardiff |
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